The origin of Judaism - Free Essay Example

Judaism is one of the most ancient religions in the world, dating back nearly 4,000 years. Judaism followers believe that there is one God who revealed himself through ancient prophets. Most jews believe that the Messiah has not come and will come one day. It is believed that the founders of Judaism were Moses, Abraham and his descendants. The origins of Jewish beliefs are explained throughout the Torah; the Torah is one of the first five books of the Tanakh, it explains the laws for Jews to follow, sometimes it is referred as the Pentateuch. The Tanakh is known as the Hebrew Bible. The first holy jewish temple was built by Salomon which was later destroyed and the jewish were separated into two groups which led to the creation of the second jewish temple; Around 1000 B.C., King David ruled the Jewish people. His son Solomon built the first holy Temple in Jerusalem, which became the central place of worship for Jews.The kingdom fell apart around 931 B.C., and the Jewish people split into two groups: Israel in the North and Judah in the South.Sometime around 587 B.C., the Babylonians destroyed the first Temple and sent many Jews into exile. A second Temple was built in about 516 B.C. but was eventually destroyed by the Romans in 70 A.D. (Judaism) When the second temple was destroyed it caused a big commotion because Jewish people no longer had a primary place to gather, so they shifted their focus to gather in local synagogues. Throughout history, Jewish followers have been persecuted and executed for their religious beliefs, some known events include: 1066 Granada Massacre, The First Crusade, The Spanish Expulsion and the Holocaust in which more than 6 millions jews were killed. Due to this difficult and unfair circumstances in where jews were kidnapped, tortured and killed, in todays society they are trying to preserve their religion Jewish memory constitutes an original Jewish insight, which has profoundly affected and enriched the thinking of the Western world in its entirety; Jewish memory has been carefully and effectively preserved by Jews over the ages, at least down through the corrosive changes associated with modernity; Jewish memory is in considerable measure the key to the remarkable capacity of the Jews to survive over the millennia under difficult circumstances. (Chazan 283) There are different types of jewish sects and they can be classify as: Orthodox Judaism is known as the strict conservation of traditional Jewish laws and rituals; Reform Judaism values ethical traditions over strict observance of Jewish laws; Conservative Judaism respect the traditions of Judaism while allowing modern values; Reconstructionist Judaism believes that Judaism is a religious that is constantly evolving and Messianic Judaism implies a modern movement combining the beliefs of Judaism and Christianity. By virtue of these two features, the two modern Orthodox streams perceived the jewish present as religiously open to the universal world both culturally and socially.(Fishman 91) According to Livingston, Jews celebrate many events that fall under similar celebrations that non-jewish practice, Rosh Hashanah is the beginning of the year, New Years Day, a fall festival originally associated with the harvest but now initiating a time of the Days of Awe, a week of remembrance, judgement and penitence. This period culminates in Yom Kippur, the Day of Atonement, the holiest day of the year, in which jews confess their faults and ask for the forgiveness of God and their fellows. (Livingston 305). Jews meet in holy places known as synagogues, where they have a spiritual leader called rabbi. Jewish celebrations occur mostly at Jewish temples and synagogues anto celebrate events such as; Shabbat, Rosh Hashanah, Selichot, Rosh Hashanah, Tzom Gedalia, Yom Kippur, Sukkot, Shemini Atzeret and Simchat Torah, Hanukkah. Each religion has its own way of communicating and emanating their love for either a god or spiritual belief yet at the end the purpose is to feel satisfied and in peace with our inner-self. When you believe in something, you feel protected and happy, in Judaism the six-pointed Star of David is a symbol of protection for jews. This figure symbolizes that God rules over the universe and protects it from all six directions: north, south, west , east, up, and down with the center of the hexagram expressing spiritual belief. Jews believe that there is only one God that protect them, that is external, meaning that he is everywhere and he knows everything. He cares about its followers and listen to them when they pray to him; Jews state that a prayer is only to be directed to God no other figure, Jews refer to God as Adonai which means Lord. Most people may also feel identify with Judaism because of cultural characteristics, ethics and morals.

Stem Cells What Are They Good For Absolutely Everything

Working title: Stem Cells: What are they good for? Absolutely everything. Introduction (1 page): Medicine has benefitted for years from advancements in technology and research. Technology combined with research has allowed, once crazy and impractical, ideas to be put into action to treat, heal and even cure many diseases and illnesses to improve or ensure a long quality of life for patients. Continuation of medical technology and research is vital and offers many potential cures, especially through regenerative medicine. Regenerative medicine involves tissue engineering and biology to generate human tissues like cells and organs to restore the normal function within those said cells and organs. Stem cells have a huge role in regenerative†¦show more content†¦Defining Types of Stem Cells and where they come from (2 pages): As mentioned a stem cell is an unspecialized cell that is capable of producing specialized or differentiated cell. A differentiated cell is any cell that has a specific function, for example a blood cell, skin cell or a brain cell. Having this ability allows the cell the takeover for dead cells or cells that have been lost. There are different types of stem cells all coming from a different source: Embryonic, Umbilical Cord, Adult, and induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSC). Embryonic stem cells are considered pluripotent, meaning they are capable of producing all cell types in the body. In the process of in vitro fertilization where embryos are formed and implanted many embryos do not actually get implanted and are frozen. Inside an embryo in the blastocyst stage is a small cluster of embryonic stem cells that would eventually develop. By culturing these frozen embryos to the blastocyst stage we are able to harvest the cluster of embryonic stem cells inside the embryo and in a laboratory they can grow indefinitely. (Lysaught – 1999). Embryonic stem cells are incredibly useful in their potential to produce any cell in the body. However, because of ethical issues embryonic stem cells are not usually used in research and expe rimentation. Umbilical cord and adult stem cells are classified as multipotent cells. These stem cells, while having the ability to produce multipleShow MoreRelatedThe Issue Of Stem Cell Research858 Words   |  4 PagesCatholics are absolutely against embryonic stem cell research. News is already talking about how the Catholics approve for stem cell research but inside of an interview with Catholic News Service Nancy O’Brien wrote: â€Å"Declaring that the stem-cell research does not present a conflict between science and religion, the U.S bishops overwhelmingly approved a statement June 13th calling the use of human embryos in such research â€Å"gravely immoral† and unnecessary† (O’Brien â€Å"Catholic News Service†). As youRead MoreAre Studies in Genetic Engineering and Stem Cell Research Beneficial?1637 Words   |  7 Pagessomething basic as a cell phone. One of the most unacknowledged yet productive methods that has become a possibility an d surpasses our expectations is the process of genetic engineering and stem cell research. These studies have proven to be a beneficial part to the way people could live and how they could approach life-threatening diseases. When similar studies are first discussed and publicized they appear to not only be impossible but immoral, similar to Victor Frankenstein and what he accomplished;Read MoreReflection Of Romeo And Juliet977 Words   |  4 PagesAsian influence!†. Just as I finish telling him that he is crazy for wanting to take Romeo and Juliet and place it into his envisioned world, Students start to arrive. The rest of the day is spent preparing for the upcoming year. If only we had known what this next year would hold. The next week school starts and so does Romeo and Juliet. Rehearsals are from 4 o’clock to 7 o’clock and Saturday builds are all day and brutal. As we get closer to the show, we start to realize we may have bitten off moreRead MoreThe On The Second Last Evening, Crake Said, Let Me Walk You Through A Hypothetical Scenario Essay1903 Words   |  8 Pagesprocedures that cure sick people, or else-better-that make it impossible got them to get sick in the first place.† â€Å"Yeah?† said Jimmy. Nothing hypothetical here: that was what HelthWyzer actually did. â€Å"So, what are you going to need, sooner or later?† â€Å"More cures?† â€Å"After that.† â€Å"What do you mean, after that?† â€Å"After you’ve cured everything going.† Jimmy made a pretence of thinking. 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Project Governance Report - Click Here to Get Instant Solution

Question: Discussabout the Project Governance Report. Answer: The stakeholder engagement arrangements for this project are that all the stakeholders be it the internal as well as external stakeholder are properly allotted their role and responsibility toward the project as well as their share of the project profits. The undertaken construction project all the stakeholder such as the project managers, the higher level managers, the lower level managers the staffs, the project team, the shareholder and investors as well as the customers all are involved with the project (A guide to the project management body of knowledge (PMBOK guide), 2004). PRINCE2 affirms that project stakeholders ought to be engaged at a level that is proportionate with their significance to the organization, and in a mode that promotes trust. Overall Project Responsibility The responsibility for this project lays with role and responsibilities of the involved the company which has undertaken the construction project, the stakeholders of the construction projects, the users of the construction project, the suppliers who are appointed for the supply for the construction project and the interest of the stakeholders (A guide to the project management body of knowledge (PMBOK guide), 2004). The PRINCE2 project methodology defines the responsibilities of the project in term of the role of the project activities rather than the individuals. PRINCE2 states that the board should have overall responsibility for governance of project management The role of the individuals for the specific activities is the sole decision of the project manger according to the activities of the project. A specific individual may be assigned with more than a single role as well as an individual can be assigned distinct role in different phase of the project (Bentley, 2002). The orga nization which undertaken the construction project, and the project manager should use the human resources in most efficient way in order to manage the project requirement which is deemed from the perception of their expertise skill as well as the peoples individual personalities. The role and responsibilities should be appropriately defined within the project team and the organizational structure of the project team for securing that the management is effective as well as responsive both (Collins, 2011). As per the PMBOK methodology the responsibilities are assigned within the team members of the project, however, it is the responsibility of the management to deliver the required resources for the project to ensure the success of the project. At the time of the planning the role and responsibilities within the team use to be assigned. Utilizing the role and responsibilities as well as the reporting relationship between the people who associated with the project can help to accelerate the procedures of the organizational planning (Construction extension to the PMBOK guide, 2007). The PMBOK requires information about the success of the project and deliverable approval criteria. Roles, Responsibilities and Performance Criteria The roles, responsibilities and performance criteria for this project consist of systematic and disciplined governance aided by accurate methods as well as control, which must be implemented throughout the lifecycle of the project (Heerkens, 2002). The PRINCE2 define the roles, responsibilities and performance norm and criterion in order to governance of the project management must be clearly stated. The PMBOK project methodology requires identifying the procedures for the stage gate as well as the phase reviews along with the procedures for the communicating information. The performance of the project depends on the efficiency of the project manager (Hughes and Cotterell, 2006). How the project manager handle the project as well as how the project manager manages the team of the project is most important for the effective accomplishment of the project. The project manager has to recognise the potential risk of the project. Moreover, the project manager has to know the risk managemen t and should be capable to manage the risk. The performance of the project use to be improved by the whole teams performance, the performance of the project depends on the efficient procurement of the required resources for the project (Kerzner, 2001). Thus, the role of the procurement manager is vital for a project as the efficient procurement help in delivering quality project within the predefined budget of the project. The PMBOK project methodology needs to detect the connection among the team of the project, the organizational groups as well as the external stakeholders. In the PMBOK methodology there is organizational chart of the project that recognises roles of the project (Lawson, 2009). The project responsibilities use to be assigned prior to the initiation of the project as well as if all the role and responsibilities are fulfilled by the project team then the performance of the project use to be improved and the project will be successfully completed. Governance Arrangements The governance arrangements for this project consist of the structural elements such as commitment, governance policy, wide responsibility for on the whole governance of the project as well as company, consistent improvement (Lawson, 2009). Besides this, the project should consist of the operational elements such as recognition of the issues of the governance, operating processes for governance, it also dealing with the governance violation as well as complaints, record keeping along with internal reporting. Besides the maintenance elements such as education as well as training, visibility along with communication, monitoring as well as assessment, review and liaison are also included for the undertaken construction project. Apart from this, the roles and responsibilities of ethical principles are also defined for the undertaken construction project (Lock, 2004). The ethical principles like accountability, transparency, fairness and balance, honesty, dignity legal goodwill, is also i ncluded for the undertake construction project. According to the PRINCE2 project methodology the disciplined governance aided by apt methods as well as controls, ought to be applied all the way through the project lifecycle. The project must be governed with effective governing rules as well as proper process along with the management, which must be implemented during the whole life cycle of the project (Maylor, 2010). The PMBOK methodology needs to know about the procedures in order to review as well as acceptance for the budget, scope, quality as well as schedule that are beyond the authority of the project management (Mehta, 2007). Useful arrangement of the project governance needs help the project to accomplish its aim and an objective as well as it helps to carry out the project management activities. Relationship to the Portfolio The Relationship to the Portfolio for this project is vital as the project has significant relationship with business strategies of the company. The successful, accomplishment of the project puts the project management company much ahead (O  Conchu ir, 2010). The reputation of the company will be improved significantly by the successful accomplishment of the project. PRINCE 2 project methodology states that there ought to be a rational as well as accommodating liaison demonstrated between the on the whole business strategy along with the project portfolio (Saladis and Kerzner, 2011). The supportive as well as accommodating relationship between the business strategies along with the project portfolio help the project to carry out to the right direction of the completion as well as it helps to accomplish the organizational aims and objectives most appropriately. According to the PMBOK methodology needs the guideline in order to aligning the project governance as well as organizational strategy. Therefore, the project governance has significant link with the organizational strategies and business policies (Snyder, 2013). The project should be useful for the company, which improve the reputation as well performance of the company. It helps in growth and development of the company. Authorisation Points The authorisation points for this project are that the entire project ought to be an approved plan means it must have an appropriate plan which help to carry out the activities of the project most effectively and which help to accomplish the aims and objectives of the project (Snyder, 2013). The PRINCE 2 states that the entire project ought to have an accepted plan, which contained authorization points at which the business case is assessed as well as approved. The decision which made at authorization point ought to be recorded as well as communicated. The project should be authorized as well as the project manager must be obtain the authority of carry out the project effectively so that the project can be accomplished within the required criteria, within the predetermined time schedules and predefined budget of the project (Tuttle, 2012). The effective authorization assigned for the project helps in making the decisions more efficiently so that the project can be accomplished in mor e effect way. Delegation The delegation arrangements for this project are very helpful for the project as with this arrangement the project can be accomplished more efficiently. The authorization should be properly delegated among the project team members as per the qualification, efficiency and the requisite skill for the required tasks. The project managers of the construction project has the supreme authority about the undertake construction project as the project manager has the more knowledge and acumen about the project (Mehta, 2007). The project is the responsibility of the project manager. The project manager then delegates the power to the subordinates, who are basically the other management staffs. Afterwards the management staffs who directly under the project manager delegate the authorities to their subordinates, who are junior level management staffs. Moreover the junior level of the management staffs also delegate the authority to the supervisor of the construction project (Maylor, 2010). In t his way, the effective decision making can be possible for the authorities on the progress of the project. Information Validity The manner in which information validity for this project is assured is by the cross check. There must be multi layered verification for the information so that the information can be checked. The PRINCE 2 project methodology affirm that the undertaken project of the construction business case ought to be supported by the pertinent as well as realistic data and information, which deliver a reliable base in order to make decision for authorization (Lawson, 2009). The realistic data and information help the project to carry out to the right direction as well as it help to minimize the risk and issue of the project as well as help in improving the performance of the project thus, the project can be carried out to the predefined goal of the objectives. The PMBOK methodology needs information about the approaches to the life cycle of the project. The information helps to recognise the progress of the project as well as it helps to measure the direction of the construction project (Lock, 2004). Scrutiny The scrutiny arrangements for this project are mainly the day to day report of the project activities; there are weekly reports as well as monthly report, which help in assessing the progress of the project. PRINCE 2 affirms that the board or its delegated agent will decide the time for independent scrutiny of projects or auditing of the project that help in recognising the progress of the project, the threats and issues of the project can be identified by the scrutiny process, thus project management systems is required effective scrutiny process, and the undertaken construction project implement such scrutiny as per the need of the project (Heerkens, 2002). Apart from the reports there are supervisors report, managers report, and financial accounts report which provide adequate information about the development of the project thus, the project manger can implement required strategies, which help in minimizing the time and cost of the project as well s help in completing the project within the predefined budget and time schedule. Status Reporting The status reporting arrangements for this project are helpful to recognise the current status of the construction project. The PRINCE 2 project methodology affirm that there ought to be undoubtedly as well as clear defined criteria in order to report project status, as well as for the escalation of risks and issues to the levels required by the organization. The status reporting is most important as it help to detect the progress of the construction project as well as the project manager can make and implement the strategies accordingly, which help in accomplishing the project within the timeframe and budget of the construction project (Construction extension to the PMBOK guide, 2007). The PMBOK project methodology needs to know the procedures for stage gate as well as phase appraisals along with the procedures for the effective communication of the important information. Improvement The improvement arrangements for this project are most essential for the construction project as the improvement arrangement help the project to deliver required project. The PRINCE 2 affirms that the organization ought to foster a culture of improvement as well as of honest internal disclosure of project information (Collins, 2011). The project manager along with the project team must foster cultures that initiate to improve the project so that the quality of the project can be maintained. References A guide to the project management body of knowledge (PMBOK guide). (2004). Newtown Square, Pa.: Project Management Institute. Bentley, C. (2002).PRINCE 2. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. Collins, R. (2011).Project management. New York: Nova Science Publishers. Construction extension to the PMBOK guide. (2007). Newtown Square, Pa.: Project Management Institute. Heerkens, G. (2002).Project management. New York: McGraw-Hill. Hughes, B. and Cotterell, M. (2006).Software project management. London: McGraw-Hill. Kerzner, H. (2001).Project management. New York: John Wiley. Lawson, D. (2009).PMBOK quick implementation guide. [Australia]: [Emereo]. Lock, D. (2004).Project management in construction. Aldershot: Gower. Maylor, H. (2010).Project management. Harlow, England: Financial Times Prentice Hall. Mehta, R. (2007).Project management. Jaipur: Aavishkar Publishers. O  Conchu ir, D. (2010).Overview of the PMBOK guide. Berlin: Springer. Saladis, F. and Kerzner, H. (2011).Bringing the PMBOK Guide to Life. Hoboken: John Wiley Sons. Snyder, C. (2013).A project manager's book of forms. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. Snyder, C. (2013).A user's manual to the PMBOK guide--fifth edition. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. Tuttle, S. (2012).Illustrating PRINCE2. Ely, Cambridgeshire, U.K.: IT Governance Pub.

Should College Student-Athletes Be Paid free essay sample

At many college campuses college athletes are the important part for the school’s income. They are supposed to be the best athletes they can be at their level and are supposed to maintain and raise the popularity of their school. The question is should college athletes get paid? This topic has been around the sports industry for many years and it’s a topic that will never actually get answered. College athletes should not be paid because it’s a privilege to be an athlete and student, money will take away the competitiveness of the game and athletes will lose joy in the game, and lastly student comes first athlete second.The first problem with paying college athletes is that it’s a privilege to be an athlete and a student. Most college athletes get their schooling paid for or at least some of it from a scholarship that you could receive depending on your level of play and academic works. We will write a custom essay sample on Should College Student-Athletes Be Paid? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page If you were to get paid on top of your scholarship it would be unfair to other non-athletes and would cause a big problem with the college. The privilege of being a college athlete is that the scholarship pays for housing, food, and schooling. This you need to be successful to be on a college campus. Being a college athlete, you have an advantage that non-athletes don’t have and that’s having a teammates and friends right as you get to college. Another problem that takes a big role is that money will take away the competitiveness from the game and athletes can lose the joy in the game. Say you are the best player on your college team and you are getting paid the same amount of money as a player that doesn’t play at all. There is a problem there and that is title 9; all athletes having equality. Paying these college athletes would lead to lots of unhappy athletes and can cause lots of issues in the game.

Free Essays on Poem Of Perseverence

Poem of Perseverance In most cases, a poet’s life and experiences greatly influence the style and the content of their writing, some more than others. Robert Frost is one of the most renowned poets of his time, recognized for the amount of genuine, emotional insight into life and nature he was able to portray through his poetry. Born in San Francisco, but raised in New England, many of Robert Frost's poems are representations of his experiences in the northeastern parts of America. A closer look at the circumstances surrounding the composition of Frost's poem "Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening" can give us a better insight as to what the poem was intended to express. Frost wrote this poem on November (Frost Chronology) 1923; the same night he completed his book New Hampshire (Jackson sec. 1). Frost, "a little excited from getting over-tired"(qtd. in Jackson sec. 3), decided to venture out into the night, perhaps to wind down after a long day’s work. Frost hitched his horse to a sleigh and left on his journey to eventually travel through the woods mentioned in this poem. Being in an "auto intoxicated"(qtd. in Jackson sec. 3) state, Frost was mesmerized by the scene of the woods beside the frozen lake. He eventually broke out of his trance, possibly with the aid of his horse, by thoughts of prior commitments. The former statement is shown in the text by the line "He gives his harness bells a shake to ask if there is some mistake"(L.L. 9-10) and the latter by: "But I have promises to keep And miles to go before I sleep"(L.L. 13-14). According to Frost, upon his return home, "Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening" "was written in a few minutes without any strain"(qtd. in Jackson sec. 1). Literally, "The darkest evening of the year"(L.8), refers to the winter equinox that occurs every 21st of December. If we look at it symbolically, this line could have been written to convey the peak of Frost’s efforts to finish his book New... Free Essays on Poem Of Perseverence Free Essays on Poem Of Perseverence Poem of Perseverance In most cases, a poet’s life and experiences greatly influence the style and the content of their writing, some more than others. Robert Frost is one of the most renowned poets of his time, recognized for the amount of genuine, emotional insight into life and nature he was able to portray through his poetry. Born in San Francisco, but raised in New England, many of Robert Frost's poems are representations of his experiences in the northeastern parts of America. A closer look at the circumstances surrounding the composition of Frost's poem "Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening" can give us a better insight as to what the poem was intended to express. Frost wrote this poem on November (Frost Chronology) 1923; the same night he completed his book New Hampshire (Jackson sec. 1). Frost, "a little excited from getting over-tired"(qtd. in Jackson sec. 3), decided to venture out into the night, perhaps to wind down after a long day’s work. Frost hitched his horse to a sleigh and left on his journey to eventually travel through the woods mentioned in this poem. Being in an "auto intoxicated"(qtd. in Jackson sec. 3) state, Frost was mesmerized by the scene of the woods beside the frozen lake. He eventually broke out of his trance, possibly with the aid of his horse, by thoughts of prior commitments. The former statement is shown in the text by the line "He gives his harness bells a shake to ask if there is some mistake"(L.L. 9-10) and the latter by: "But I have promises to keep And miles to go before I sleep"(L.L. 13-14). According to Frost, upon his return home, "Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening" "was written in a few minutes without any strain"(qtd. in Jackson sec. 1). Literally, "The darkest evening of the year"(L.8), refers to the winter equinox that occurs every 21st of December. If we look at it symbolically, this line could have been written to convey the peak of Frost’s efforts to finish his book New...

Managing and leading people Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Managing and leading people - Essay Example Schein also suggested that leadership and culture are conceptually related (Schein, 2004). Culture provides to an organization a sense of identity and determines the organizational legends, beliefs, norms, rituals and language. Organization culture is the only way that state the way things are done around the organization. An organization culture summarizes what has been appropriate and what has worked in the past (Schein, 1990). This paper seeks to analyze the how managers can improve the culture awareness in the organization. Further, it seeks to discuss the strategies that managers can use to improve culture awareness in an organization. Many managers are using the language of corporate culture or organizational culture. I am always curious to know why people share perceptions, attitudes and interpretations as well, as how workplace symbolism characterizes the way people act and feel. There is a prevalent belief that particular types of logical commonality can promote collaboration, minimize unproductive conflict and arrange work towards a common agenda without the need for supervision. As a manager, I realize that there is something about culture pride that can inspire and raise the mind to improve service for a common good. An organization’s culture is not something that can be manipulated directly; managers are required to dictate a course of action or allocate resources. Culture is shaped indirectly (Schein, 2004). It evolves randomly over time. The premeditated manipulation of culture requires the sophisticated collection of leadership skills and an intense sense of socio-psychological dynamics (Pollitt & Bouckaert, 2004). In the progression of internationalization, organizations face hardships in harmonization of corporate culture. As a manager, I must come with strategies that will help in improving cultural awareness at

Advertising analysis (Nokia and Apple) Research Paper

Advertising analysis (Nokia and Apple) - Research Paper Example Nokia and Apple-two famous household names which have established their craft and credibility in manufacturing gadgets.However,these two brands have crossed their way as they compete for man's hunt for the most appealing mobile phone this generation can offer with the launch of Apple iPhone.As the competition for man's attention arises, advertisement of mobile phones has propagated rapidly. Hence, as a mobile phone user myself, my attention was drawn to two of the latest commercials of mobile phones, each from the above-mentioned mobile phone manufacturers.The Nokia N93 and Apple iPhone both launched their commercials on television. The Nokia N93 commercial whose sophistication has been branded by its plain black background, starts with the introduction of this Nokia model. As the commercial progresses, espoused by a background song from the classic band Moby, the features and its specifications are enumerated in print whilst the mobile phone shows off how these features are executed . The commercial closes with the logo of Nokia with their slogan "Connecting people".Apparently, Nokia has remained to patronize the bandwagon propaganda for this advertisement, which tries to convince consumers that since everyone else is doing it, they will be left out if they do not (Pollio, 1990). As majority of mobile phone users focus on the specifications of a mobile phone and indulge in knowing how to utilize this information, Nokia dwells on specifically identifying the details of the Nokia N93, such as the resolution, screen size and camera attributes. However, considering that Nokia has used the music of Moby to be the background music of this commercial, the commercial obviously appeals to all ages of mobile phone users who can afford to buy the phone. This is because the music supplied by Moby appeals to the older generation in which Moby has started as a band, and to the younger generation as well who nowadays settle to classic rock music. However, as the phone is a high-end model, it generally targets the upper society who can afford to purchase the Nokia N93. This is evident on the font of the features enumerated and the plain black background, which usually symbolizes wealth and refinement. Furthermore, the detailed enumeration of the features of the phone implies that the Nokia N93 is inclined to be marketed to the type of consumers who are feature-conscious. On the other hand, the commercial of the Apple iPhone begins with minimal background music, as a man's voice starts expressing how amazing things can fit in your pockets, thus referring to the Apple iPhone. Then, it proceeds with the voice naming the "amazing things" which can fit in this mobile phone. Contrary to the Nokia commercial, the features of iPhone are not detailed and specific. However, the delivery of the features of the phone is enough for its viewers to understand its attributes. As Apple has already established a brand marketed to the upper society-classy, sophisticated yet simple, which is being tried by Nokia to emulate, the black background and classic background music appeals to the elite. Additionally, the advertisement of Apple iPhone tends to appeal to the type of consumers who are design-oriented. Hence, this type of consumers is represented by those who care less about the functionality of the phone but dwell more on the design of the gadget. Nonetheless, the advertisement also tries to break the stereotype that the iPhone, being an Apple product, is less feature-enhanced. This is manifested as the narrator of the commercial tends to specify the "amazing things" packaged in iPhone. Furthermore, one of the most noticeable aspects of this commercial is Apple's attempts to use the "plain folks" propaganda on which Apple is trying to convince the public that the narrator's views reflect those of the common person (Berger, 1991). This is evident as the voice of the narrator tends to be casual, not too